Those with type 2 diabetes always have to be mindful of their blood sugar levels. But managing weight frequently plays a critical role in general health, even beyond glucose regulation. The good news? More recent drugs are being developed that aid with blood sugar regulation while also encouraging weight loss. This blog delves into these cutting-edge medications, examining their workings, advantages, and drawbacks.
Being overweight poses a serious risk for type 2 diabetes, especially around the belly. Insulin resistance is a condition characterized by fat cells that impedes the body’s ability to use insulin and control blood sugar. Insulin sensitivity and glycemic control can be greatly enhanced by weight loss, even if it is just modest (5–10% of body weight).
The hormone known as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is naturally produced in the gut and is essential for controlling blood sugar levels following meals. It improves sensations of fullness, slows down stomach emptying, and stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin. Better blood sugar regulation and decreased appetite result from this.
A family of drugs known as GLP-1 receptor agonists imitates the actions of GLP-1. Certain GLP-1 agonists, which have historically been used to treat diabetes, have been demonstrated in clinical trials to significantly encourage weight loss. Here are a few well-known instances:
- Liraglutide (Saxenda): FDA-approved for the treatment of weight loss at a dose higher than that of diabetes (Victoza). It is injected daily.
- Semaglutide (Wegovy): The first drug licensed by the FDA with a stated purpose for managing chronic weight. Wegovy requires weekly injections and uses a greater dose of semaglutide than its diabetic equivalent, Ozempic.
- Tirzepatide (Mountjoyo): A more recent GLP-1 receptor agonist that targets both GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) and GLP-1. It’s approved for managing weight and type 2 diabetes.
These drugs assist in managing weight through a number of mechanisms:
- Appetite Suppression: They lessen cravings and raise sensations of fullness, which reduces calorie intake.
- Slowed Digestion: They lessen hunger sensations and increase satiety by delaying the emptying of the stomach.
- Decreased Blood Sugar Spikes: Appetite-stirring hormones like ghrelin are better regulated when blood sugar is under control.
Apart from aiding in weight management, GLP-1 receptor agonists have other advantages to those with type 2 diabetes:
- Better Glycemic Management: They assist in lowering blood sugar levels and lessen the chance of hyperglycemia, or elevated blood sugar.
- Cardiovascular Protection: Research indicates that they might lower the chance of cardiovascular incidents in those with diabetes.
- Decreased Risk of Diabetic Complications: Losing weight and controlling blood sugar better will help stave off long-term consequences such retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy.
The development of GLP-1 receptor agonists represents an important shift in the management of diabetes. These drugs are a viable option for controlling weight and blood sugar, which may enhance the general health and wellbeing of those with type 2 diabetes.
