Malaria: Recognize the Symptoms and Take Preventive Measures

Malaria: Recognize the Symptoms and Take Preventive Measures

by | Oct 15, 2024 | Malaria

Malaria is a deadly disease that can spread when a mosquito carrying microscopic parasites bites you. The mosquito injects malaria parasites into your circulation when it bites. Neither a virus nor a particular kind of bacteria may cause malaria; parasites can. Malaria can result in serious health issues such as convulsions, brain damage, breathing difficulties, organ failure, and even death if left untreated. This fatal disease happens in tropical climates where it is hot and humid. There were 627,000 malaria-related deaths worldwide in 2020, out of 241 million recorded cases of the disease. Most of these occurrences take place in South Asia and Africa.

What are the Signs & Symptoms of Malaria?

Malaria symptoms are comparable to those of the flu. Among them are:

  • Sweating and having a fever.
  • Chills that send shivers down your spine.
  • Aches in the muscles and head.
  • Tiredness
  • Cough, breathing difficulties, and chest pain.
  • Vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea.
  • Anemia and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) can develop as malaria worsens.

Cerebral malaria is the most severe type of malaria that can lead to a coma. About 15% of infant deaths and almost 20% of adult deaths are of this sort.

Symptoms of malaria often manifest 10 days to 1 month following infection. The severity of the symptoms varies with the type of parasite. It can take a year for some people to experience symptoms from a mosquito bite. Sometimes, parasites can survive in the body for years without showing any signs. Depending on the kind of parasite, certain malaria forms may recur. After years of being dormant in your liver, the parasites are eventually discharged into your circulation. The moment the parasites start to circulate, the symptoms reappear.

How Can You Prevent Malaria?

Consult your doctor about taking malaria preventive medication if you intend to go to or live temporarily in a region where the disease is prevalent. The medications must be taken before, during, and following your stay. Taking medication can significantly lower the risk of contracting malaria. If you take these medications and still contract malaria, you are not eligible to utilize them as a treatment.

To prevent mosquito bites, you should also take preventative measures. In order to reduce your risk of contracting malaria, you should:

  • On exposed skin, apply a mosquito repellent containing DEET (diethyltoluamide).
  • Cover mattresses with mosquito netting.
  • Install screens on doors and windows.
  • Apply a permethrin insect repellent on clothing, mosquito nets, tents, sleeping bags, and other textiles.
  • Cover your skin by donning long sleeves and long trousers.

A children’s vaccination was created and tested as part of a pilot program in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi. The severe disease-causing Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children can be prevented using the RTS, S/AS01 vaccination. A vaccine against malaria is being developed by other programs.

Malaria can result in major health issues, including death and irreversible organ damage if it is not treated appropriately. If you believe you have malaria, or if you have traveled to a region where malaria is prevalent, you must get treatment immediately. Early intervention increases treatment efficacy significantly. Malaria can be treated and the illness eliminated from the body with the right drug and dosage. If a mosquito carrying the malaria virus attacks you after you have already had the illness once.

Although malaria can be fatal, there are things you can do to avoid getting it. By taking preventive medicine and shielding yourself from mosquito bites, you can reduce your chance of infection. Speak with your doctor a few weeks before your trip if you’ll be going somewhere where malaria is prevalent. If you are pregnant, this is really crucial. Take appropriate preventative measures and consult your doctor at the earliest in case of an infection.

What is Malaria? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

What is Malaria? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

by | Sep 24, 2024 | Malaria

Malaria is a deadly disease transmitted by mosquitoes infested with microscopic parasites. When an infected insect bites, it injects malaria parasites into your bloodstream. Unlike a virus or bacteria, malaria is caused by parasites. If untreated, malaria can lead to severe health complications, including seizures, brain damage, difficulty breathing, organ failure, and even death.

Malaria occurs globally but is more common in developing countries with warm temperatures and high humidity. 

Symptoms of Malaria

Malaria symptoms often resemble flu-like symptoms and may include:

  • Fever and sweating
  • Chills that shake the body
  • Headache and muscle aches
  • Fatigue
  • Chest pain, breathing issues, and cough
  • Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting

As malaria progresses, it may cause anemia and jaundice. Symptoms typically appear 10 days to a month after infection, though they may take up to a year to manifest. In some cases, parasites remain dormant in the liver and can reactivate years later, causing recurring malaria symptoms.

Causes of Malaria

Malaria is transmitted when an infected mosquito bites a person, injecting parasites into their bloodstream, where they multiply. Humans can be infected by five types of malaria parasites. In rare cases, malaria can be passed from mother to baby during pregnancy or through blood transfusions, organ donations, or shared needles.

How is Malaria Diagnosed?

A healthcare provider will assess your symptoms and travel history, and a blood test will determine if you have malaria and which parasite is responsible. This information helps guide the treatment plan.

Can Malaria Be Prevented?

Yes, medications can significantly reduce the risk of contracting malaria. Additionally, you can take steps to prevent mosquito bites:

  • Apply DEET-based mosquito repellent to exposed skin.
  • Use mosquito nets over beds.
  • Install screens on windows and doors.
  • Treat clothing and gear with permethrin.
  • Wear long sleeves and pants to cover your skin.

Malaria is a serious parasitic disease common in warm, humid regions. Early detection and treatment are critical to preventing severe complications. Taking preventive measures like using repellents and bed nets, along with medication, greatly reduces the risk of infection.

Influenza: Symptoms, Risks, and How to Protect Yourself During Flu Season

Influenza: Symptoms, Risks, and How to Protect Yourself During Flu Season

by | Sep 9, 2024 | Influenza

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious viral infection that affects the respiratory system, including the nose, throat, and lungs. It spreads quickly, especially during flu season, which typically peaks in late autumn and early winter. While most cases of influenza are mild, some can lead to serious health complications, particularly for vulnerable groups.

Symptoms of Influenza

Influenza symptoms can range from mild to severe and may appear suddenly. Common symptoms include:

  • Fever: Often high, but not everyone with flu experiences a fever.
  • Cough or sore throat: A persistent dry cough is typical.
  • Runny or stuffy nose: Accompanied by sneezing or nasal congestion.
  • Body aches and chills: Muscle pains and chills are common indicators.
  • Fatigue: Flu-related fatigue can be severe, lasting for weeks.
  • Headache: A frequent but sometimes overlooked symptom.
  • Diarrhea and vomiting: More common in children but can occur in adults.

Complications of Influenza

While many people recover from the flu within a week or two, certain individuals are at higher risk of developing severe complications, such as:

  • Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can be life-threatening.
  • Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchial tubes.
  • Heart attack or stroke: Influenza can exacerbate pre-existing heart conditions, increasing the risk of heart attacks or strokes.
  • Sepsis: A potentially life-threatening response to infection that can lead to multiple organ failure.

High-Risk Groups for Influenza Complications

Certain populations are more vulnerable to flu-related complications, including:

  • Children under 5 years: Their developing immune systems are more susceptible to serious illness.
  • Adults aged 65 years and over: The elderly are at higher risk due to weaker immune systems.
  • Pregnant women: The immune system is naturally suppressed during pregnancy, making the body more susceptible to infections.
  • People with pre-existing conditions: Individuals with heart disease, lung disease, or diabetes are at increased risk of flu complications.
  • People with weakened immune systems: This includes those undergoing cancer 

treatments, organ transplant recipients, or people living with chronic illnesses.

Preventing Influenza

The most effective way to prevent influenza is through annual vaccination, which is updated to combat the most common strains. Other preventive measures include:

  • Frequent hand washing: Use soap and water or an alcohol-based sanitizer.
  • Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing: Use a tissue or your elbow to prevent the spread of germs.
  • Avoid close contact with sick individuals: Especially important for high-risk groups.
  • Disinfect surfaces: Regularly clean objects and surfaces that are frequently touched.

When to Seek Medical Care

If you’re experiencing symptoms of influenza and belong to a high-risk group or have worsening symptoms, it’s crucial to seek medical attention. Early intervention can prevent complications and speed up recovery. 

Feeling under the weather? Visit Dr. MV Rao for expert care and a personalized treatment plan to help you recover quickly and safely from the flu.

Understanding Viral Hepatitis

Understanding Viral Hepatitis

by | Aug 28, 2024 | Uncategorized, Viral Hepatitis

Hepatitis is essentially liver swelling or inflammation of the liver in reaction to a kind of irritation or injury, and it can be painful. While there are many causes of hepatitis, “6000 people are newly infected with viral hepatitis each day” according to the World Health Organization. There are two types of viral hepatitis: acute, which lasts less than six months, and chronic, which lasts more than six months. Hepatitis viruses can transfer from person to person. Sexual contact can spread some viral hepatitis strains. Avoiding risky behaviors including sharing needles, having unprotected sex, and consuming significant amounts of alcohol may reduce your risk of contracting hepatitis. 

Different Types of Hepatitis:

There are 5 types of hepatitis viruses known, categorized as Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, and  Hepatitis E. 

  • Hepatitis A

The most common ways to contract hepatitis A are through contaminated water or food or by coming into close contact with an infected person or object. Treatment for mild cases of hepatitis A is not necessary. The majority of infected individuals fully recover and experience no long-term liver impairment.

  • Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B can be transmitted by body fluids such as blood or semen. Coughing and sneezing do not transfer the virus. Hepatitis B is acute or doesn’t last longer than six months, for a large number of individuals. Acute infections can be controlled with rest, lots of fluids, and infection monitoring; they may not require medical attention. However, if hepatitis B persists for longer than six months, it may become chronic for some individuals. A chronic infection can remain untreated until severe liver disease symptoms present.

  • Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C results in inflammation or swelling of the liver. Liver damage from hepatitis C can be quite severe. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be transmitted by coming into contact with the infected person’s blood. Most patients with a continuous hepatitis C infection, often known as a chronic infection, respond well to therapy with more recent antiviral medications. These drugs usually treat chronic hepatitis C.

  • Hepatitis D

Only those with a history of hepatitis B infection can develop hepatitis D. You will be immune to the hepatitis D virus if you have had the hepatitis B vaccination.

  • Hepatitis E

Eating or drinking of contaminated water or food can transmit this particular strain of hepatitis. Globally, hepatitis E is a prevalent infection. Vaccines do exist, but they are not accessible everywhere.

Medical professionals may fail to recognize the virus that causes hepatitis as one from the above list. Aside from HSV, EBV, and CMV, other viruses can also cause hepatitis.

Hepatitis A & E- What are they & their Symptoms?

Hepatitis A accounts for 20% to 25% of hepatitis cases in developed countries, and is usually transmitted through:

  • The fecal-oral route
  • If an infected person neglected to thoroughly wash their hands after using their bathroom. 
  • Eating shellfish that has been collected from polluted water.

The infected person is contagious for two to six weeks during incubation. is another way to contract hepatitis A. Hepatitis A outbreaks are common in developing nations and are brought on by ingesting water polluted with raw sewage. Patients with hepatitis A have a great prognosis, a self-limiting course, and full recovery. The majority of hepatitis A patients (around 85%) recover in three months, and nearly all do so in six. 

Similar to hepatitis A, hepatitis E is more common in Asia and Africa and is also known as enteric hepatitis (enteric meaning related to the intestines). It can also spread via the fecal-oral pathway. Although it is more serious in pregnant women and can lead to fetal challenges, it is usually not fatal. The majority of hepatitis E patients fully recover.

Symptoms of Hepatitis A & E:

  • Fever
  • Joint pain
  • Rash
  • Swelling
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle pain
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Abdominal pain
  • Dark urine
  • Jaundice
  • Irritated skin lesions

How Can You Protect Yourself Against Hepatitis?

There are several ways in which you can protect yourself from Hepatitis:

  • Get vaccinated for hepatitis A and B strains
  • Use protection during coitus
  • Avoid sharing needles
  • Practice good personal hygiene
  • Avoid using an infected person’s items
  • Take precautions when traveling to poorly sanitized areas
  • Drink bottled water when traveling. 

If you engage in risky behaviors, you must take these precautions. Also take preventive measures if you work in environments where you have prolonged contact with people and a chance of contracting the disease, such as restaurants, nursing homes, dorms, or daycare centers.

In case you have recently traveled to a hepatitis-prone country, or unknowingly indulged in unhygienic practices, and you think you might have the symptoms indicative of hepatitis, or even a little yellowing of your eyes accompanied by fever, book a consultation with a physician at the earliest, and get a professional diagnosis urgently. 

Asthma – Symptoms and Triggers

Asthma – Symptoms and Triggers

by | Aug 21, 2024 | Asthma

Millions of individuals worldwide suffer from the chronic respiratory disease known as asthma. It is characterized by airway restriction and inflammation, which can cause breathing difficulties, wheezing, coughing, and tightness in the chest. Asthma sufferers can lead active, satisfying lives even though there is no known treatment for the condition. Proper management and knowledge of symptoms and triggers can help.

Some symptoms include:

  • Wheezing is the sound of whistling or squeaking that occurs during breathing, particularly during exhalation.
  • A chronic, dry cough that is usually worse at night or in the morning.
  • A sensation of pressure or constriction in your chest is known as chest tightness.
  • Breathlessness is often caused by difficulty breathing.

Some triggers to keep an eye out for:

  • Mold, pollen, dust mites, cat dander, and other airborne allergens can cause asthma episodes.
  • Irritants include air pollution, tobacco (including secondhand smoke), harsh scents, and chilly air.
  • Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) are two examples of pharmaceuticals that can cause asthma attacks in certain individuals.
  • Although a typical trigger for exercise-induced asthma (EIA), most asthmatics are still able to enjoy physical activity with the right medication and a warm-up regimen.
  • Anxiety and emotional stress can occasionally exacerbate asthma symptoms.
  • Gastritis (GERD), or stomach acid reflux, can occasionally irritate the airways and precipitate symptoms of asthma.

Asthma shouldn’t hold you back. With proper care and rest, you can tackle your asthma and lead a fulfilling life.